If you have a significant amount of assets that you want to pass on to heirs and are a Washington resident, you may wonder how much your heirs will lose to the estate tax. Unfortunately, the Washington state estate tax laws can be complex and vary from state to state. Therefore, understanding how these apply to your location and impact your estate is crucial for anyone living in Washington.
In this article, we’ll dig the basics of the estate tax and walk through different tactical approaches you can take to maximize your hard-earned gains you pass onto future generations:
- Use trusts:
- Pass money to next generations free of estate tax and without using your lifetime gift exemption with a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) or combine GRATs with direct indexing to maximize the GRAT’s volatility and increase returns by even 98% or more.
- Place assets into a Spousal Lifetime Access Trusts (SLAT): Your spouse can access the assets during your lifetime, and any appreciation will pass to your kids and future beneficiaries estate tax free.
- Preserve your wealth, reduce or avoid estate taxes, and ensure that assets are managed and distributed according to their wishes over multiple generations with a Dynasty Trust.
- Use CLATs to pass on assets to future generations and charitable causes while avoiding estate taxes and not using your limited gift exemption.
- Utilize gifting before your death: you can take advantage of your annual and lifetime gift exemptions to reduce your estate’s taxable value
- Invest in life insurance: it can be used to pay estate taxes, is generally exempt from income tax, and can be structured to avoid the estate tax by being put in an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) or setting up Private Placement Life Insurance (PPLI) to avoid income and estate taxes.
But first, let’s start with the basics of what the estate tax is and what’s the difference between state and federal estate taxes.
What Is The Estate Tax?
Before diving into the state-specific Washington state estate tax and its workings, a bit about estate tax basics.
The estate tax is a tax on the transfer of assets between generations — for example, from parents to their children. It is generally imposed on the estate’s total value and any gifts made before the person passes away, and it kicks in above a pre-determined exempt amount.
Starting in 2023, individuals can transfer up to $12.92 million, during life or at death, without triggering the federal estate-tax bill, up from the 2022 exemption amount of $12.06 million.
Each state, however, also has its own state-specific estate tax rules. Some states may not impose an estate tax, while others, such as Washington, have a high tax rate and exemption amount.
These taxes are intended to reduce the wealth held by single families. Though they are not airtight, it is possible to reduce or even eliminate your estate tax through estate planning. But how?
Estate Planning Overview
Estate-tax planning comes into play when you want to pass assets to the next generation. With estate-tax planning, you can arrange your affairs to reduce the amount of federal and state estate taxes you and your heirs or recipients will face and maximize how much you pass on to the next generation.
Importantly, estate tax planning can significantly impact how much you pass on to heirs because of how high federal and state estate taxes are.
Federal Estate Tax
The Federal estate tax is a tax on assets transferred from a person who passed away to their heirs. It is paid by the person’s estate and is due nine months after death. Federal estate taxes range from 18% to 40%. This means that if you are giving away $1 million, over and above the federal estate tax exemption, you would owe $400,000 in federal estate taxes and only leave $600,000 behind for your beneficiaries. And that’s even before accounting for any state estate tax liability!
Federal Estate Tax Rates
| Taxable Estate Above $12.92 Million | Base Taxes Paid | Marginal Rate |
|---|---|---|
| $12,920,000 – $12,930,000 | $0 | 18% |
| $12,930,000 – $12,940,000 | $1,800 | 20% |
| $12,940,000 – $12,960,000 | $3,800 | 22% |
| $12,960,000 – $12,980,000 | $8,200 | 24% |
| $12,980,000 – $13,000,000 | $13,000 | 26% |
| $13,000,000 – $13,020,000 | $18,200 | 28% |
| $13,020,000 – $13,070,000 | $23,800 | 30% |
| $13,070,000 – $13,170,000 | $38,800 | 32% |
| $13,170,000 – $13,420,000 | $70,800 | 34% |
| $13,420,000 – $13,670,000 | $155,800 | 37% |
| $13,670,000 – $13,920,000 | $248,300 | 39% |
| Over $13,920,000 | $345,800 | 40% |
What Is the federal estate tax exemption?
Each individual has a lifetime estate tax exemption — a gift tax exemption or the basic exclusion amount. This exemption is the value of assets you can give away, throughout your life and after your death, without being subject to the federal estate taxes described previously.
For 2023, this exemption is $12.92 million/per person. Because the exemption is per person, married couples can give away double that amount. In addition, as of 2023, you have an annual gift exclusion which allows you to give up to $17,000 per person/year that doesn’t count towards the gift tax exemption.
However, it’s essential to know the federal estate tax exemption level is scheduled to reduce by about 50% to $6.6 million when the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act sunsets in 2026, which is why it’s essential to get started with estate planning sooner rather than later.
So, how do all of these apply in the state of Washington?
Washington Estate Tax Exemption
In Washington, the estate tax threshold is currently set at $2.193 million. If a person’s estate is valued at less than this amount, it won’t be subject to the estate tax. On the other hand, any estate valued at more than $2.193 million will have the first $2.193 million exempt from the Washington State estate tax, with the remaining value being taxed.
Washington State Estate Tax: How much Is It?
Estate tax rates in Washington state are progressive and range from 10% to 20% (marginal rate).
This table gives an overview of the Washington state estate tax based on the value of assets you pass on, the minimum taxes owed based on the value of your estate, the marginal estate tax rates, and the rate threshold for each range.
The rate threshold is the point at which the marginal estate tax rate comes into effect.
| Taxable Estate | Minimum Taxes Paid | Marginal Rate | Rate Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|
| $2,193,000 – $3,193,000 | $0 | 10% | $0 |
| $3,193,000 – $4,193,000 | $100,000 | 14% | $3,193,000 |
| $4,193,000 – $5,193,000 | $240,000 | 15% | $4,193,00 |
| $5,193,000 – $6,193,000 | $390,000 | 16% | $5,193,000 |
| $6,193,000 – $8,193,000 | $550,000 | 18% | $6,193,000 |
| $8,193,000 – $9,193,000 | $910,000 | 19% | $8,193,000 |
| $9,193,000 – $11,193,000 | $1,100,000 | 19.5% | $9,193,000 |
| Over $11,193,000 | $1,490,000 | 20% | $11,193,000 |
Washington Estate Tax Example
Let’s say your total taxable estate is $4 million. That exceeds the Washington estate tax exemption amount of $2.193 million. As a result, the value of your estate above $2.193 million will face the Washington estate tax. In Washington, this case’s estate tax will be $212,980. Since $4M is in the $3,193,000 – $4,193,000 taxable estate category (column 1), that means there is a minimum Washington estate tax of $100,000 (column 2) plus 14% of every dollar (column 3) above $3,193,000 (column 4).
However, you can avoid Federal Estate taxes as the taxable estate is below the Federal estate tax exemption amount of $12.92 million). As a result, after the estate tax, your heirs would only receive $3,787,020 ($4,000,000 – $212,980).
Do you have to pay taxes on inheritance in Washington state?
Washington does not have an inheritance tax but does have an estate tax. In 1981, Washington voters repealed the inheritance tax and replaced it with an estate tax.
Tax planning ideas to reduce your estate taxes in Washington
Different tax planning strategies can help you reduce your estate taxes in Washington. Here are the five we consider key to consider:
- Use trusts: Establishing a trust can help reduce an estate’s taxable value and the estate taxes due. Three commonly used options are:
- Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT): 99 of the 100 wealthiest Americans use a trust structure to pass assets on to future generations. With a GRAT, you can place assets into the trust, any appreciation above a set percentage will pass to your beneficiary’s estate tax-free, and you won’t use up any of your lifetime gift exemption. As a result, you can substantially reduce the size of your taxable estate while passing on assets to your heirs. To get even better returns, you can use Valur’s Direct-Indexed GRATs, where instead of buying a single index fund and placing it in a GRAT, you’d follow a direct index strategy and open up separate GRATs that would own each individual stock in the index (an important comment here: the cost of +500 Valur GRATs is comparable to the cost of 1 or 2 GRATs from a traditional service provider!). By doing so, you can take advantage of several features of GRATs to yield far greater returns — 98% higher over the last 20 years. In fact, as a result of the basic rules of GRATs, it’s impossible for the combination of direct indexed GRATs to perform worse than a single GRAT that owns the same stocks via an index fund. Sounds too good to be true? Check out our direct Indexing GRATs case study or set up a call to learn more.
- Spousal Lifetime Access Trusts (SLAT): With a SLAT, you can place assets into the trust, your spouse (and, in practice, you) can access the assets during your lifetime, and any appreciation will pass to your spouse free of the estate tax. Your children and other descendants can also be named as beneficiaries. Often, the trust is structured so that the children only become primary beneficiaries after your spouse’s death. Schedule a call with our professionals to learn more here.
- Dynasty Trusts: Designed to help individuals and families preserve their wealth, reduce or avoid estate taxes, and ensure that assets are managed and distributed according to their wishes over multiple generations. Learn more about Dynasty trusts here or schedule a call with us here.
- Charitable Lead Annuity Trusts (CLATs): CLATs are irrevocable trusts designed to reduce a beneficiary’s potential tax liability. They are best suited for those looking to mitigate a major tax exposure AFTER income is received,.The CLAT strategy is relatively simple: the grantor places money into the trust, receives an up-front tax deduction, makes a donation to charity every year of the trust’s term, and then the donor or another designated beneficiary receives the remainder of the assets after the final charitable contribution.
- Utilize gifting: By gifting assets before death, you can take advantage of your annual and lifetime gift exemptions to reduce your estate’s taxable value and allow future appreciation on your investments to take place outside of your estate and free of the estate tax.
- Use marital deductions: Married couples can use the unlimited marital deduction to transfer assets to a surviving spouse without incurring any estate taxes. The marital deduction is a tax provision that allows an individual to transfer an unlimited amount of assets to a surviving spouse without paying any federal gift or estate taxes. This means that the surviving spouse will not have to pay taxes on the assets they receive. The deduction also applies to property jointly owned by the couple, such as a home. When one spouse dies, the surviving spouse can keep the property without paying taxes. The marital deduction is essential for married couples to reduce the estate taxes they will have to pay.
- Invest in life insurance: Life insurance can be used to pay estate taxes, is generally exempt from income tax, and can be structured to avoid the estate tax by being put in an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) or using Private Placement Life Insurence (PPLI).
Conclusion
The Federal and Washington estate tax can significantly reduce the assets your family receives when you pass away. Fortunately, there are several strategies available to minimize the applicable tax. You can read more here, use our Guided Planner tool to find helpful solutions, or schedule a time to talk with our expert team.
About Valur
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